Published : 04/23/2022

Inezil Penna Marinho, biography, PDF books

- Categories : Capoeira News , Capoeira, History, Archives, Documents, PDF

Teacher. Inezil Penna Marinho is considered one of the most outstanding, influential and productive personalities in Brazilian physical education, remembered in several works and events that seek to rescue the memory of physical education. Among these scholars is Prof. Mário Ribeiro Cantarino Filho, for whom Inezil Penna Marinho deserves a biographer. He adds: His work in favor of Physical Education is considerable, (Inezil) had an unparalleled intellectual production, being our Master as well as the master of our masters, as the youngest will say. Teacher. Cantarino participated in a tribute to Master Marinho, on the occasion of the VI Brazilian Congress of Sports Sciences, in Brasília, in September 1989, during a seminar on the life and work of Prof. Inezil. The seminar was presented precisely by Cantarino, who on the occasion gave a talk that gives us a lot of information about Marinho.

Initially Physical Education and, later, Law, were the areas of human knowledge where Inezil Penna Marinho registered his presence, as a teacher and lawyer, notes Cantarino. His time in the former Division of Physical Education (DEF), of the Ministry of Education and Health, in the 1940s, and his fertile activity in the 1950s, at the National School of Physical Education and Sports (ENEFD), of the University of Brazil, are the testimonies of his work for Brazilian Physical Education. DEF, in addition to being a pioneer, was one of the most important federal bodies linked to Physical Education. There, Inezil would become a teaching assistant in 1940; in 1941, he was already an education technician, the first in Brazil linked to Physical Education, and head of the Pedagogical Section of DEF, where he made a career even before graduating from ENEFD, in 1943.

There were many times that he won competitions for works, sentences or posters for the development of Physical Education. By 1958, he had more than 100 monographs and dozens of books published, many of which were in other areas of knowledge. He had already published more than 1,000 articles in magazines such as: Revista Brasileira de Educação Física, Educação Physica, Revista de Educação Física, Cultura Política, Boletim da DEF, Arquivos da ENEFD, among others. The concern with the Methodology of Sports Training, a subject currently academically treated in Physical Education Schools, was the reason for a special monograph prepared in 1944 by Inezil Penna Marinho; soon afterwards this concern was extended to Football, Capoeira and Esgrima. His writings on that subject attest to an advanced vision of the need to systematize the principles that govern Sports Training.

Inezil Penna Marinho's book "Subsídio para o Estudo da Metodologia do Treinamento da Capoeiragem", one of the first studies (1945) on the use of Capoeira as a method of self-defense and gymnastics, also systematizing its reuse as a sport. The research led Prof. Inezil to define Capoeira as Brazilian Gymnastics. There is no record of the existence of capoeira or any other form similar to capoeira on the African continent. In 1966, Inezil was able to confirm this conviction when he was in Angola, in order to research a possible origin of capoeira. He came to the conclusion that she was entirely unknown there, both among the learned and among the natives, whose religious festivals and warrior dances he attended.

The importance of the book takes on several meanings. Every previous report on Capoeira was burned by order of Rui Barbosa. The book, therefore, participates in a double rescue of this art: as a physical activity and as a history of Brazil. Interestingly, in Empire Brazil, in 1851, Law No. 630 already included gymnastics in school curricula. Although Rui Barbosa did not want the people to know about the history of black people, he advocated the mandatory practice of Physical Education in primary and secondary schools.

In "Sistemas e Métodos de Educação Física", published in 1953 and with several successive editions, Inezil analyzes, with a master's depth, the most diverse systems of gymnastics and physical activity then existing. Swedish Gymnastics, Calisthenics, Danish Gymnastics, and other systems are evaluated in terms of technical aspects and their historical evolution. In 1943, Marinho publishes one of his most important studies. Contributions to the history of Physical Education in Brazil was the first to approach the subject with the depth it deserved in its more than 600 pages. Previously, only brief, fragmented and superficial quotations or small chapters in books were found on the subject. This study is republished, with some modifications, in 1952/1953, divided into four volumes, making this version better known than the previous one. There was even a summary publication in 1980, such is the lack of new studies on the subject. To date, many studies rely on the work of Prof. Inezil as a source.

Son of Consul Ildefonso Ayres Marinho and Ignez Penna Marinho, former student of Colégio Pedro II, Inezil Penna Marinho from his youth stood out for his taste for sports and for his interest in philosophy, history and poetry. As a sportsman he became champion of water polo for the club Boqueirão do Passeio and wrestling for Flamengo, among other sports in which he took part. As a student at the National School of Physical Education and Sports (ENEFD), between 1941 and 1943, he was university champion in water polo and vice in volleyball, even being a university record holder in athletics in the 800m, 1500m, 3000m and 4x400m. In the territory of Lyrical Poetry, he wrote Castalia, Amor & Memoria and Oh, Greece. As a poet, Inezil won a few contests. Among them, for example, the literature prize of the Academy of Sciences and Letters of 1933, with the poem Tetrálogo dos Cavaleiros do Apocalypse.

Prof. Victor Andrade de Melo, from the Doctoral Program in Physical Education at Universidade Gama Filho and a scholar of the work of Prof. Inezil, highlights lesser-known studies, such as the innovative "Que meios utilizavam os nossos índios para sua educação física“, published in 1942, in addition to articles published in the ENEFD Archives, where, he says, it is possible to identify a great willingness to reorient the study of the History of Physical Education, making it of an interpretive nature, valuing other sources and being linked to a need to understand society and the constitution of the field of Physical Education and its social role.

In 1949, Inezil was approved in a public competition for professor at ENEFD, first for full professor, then for full professor. Curiously, his approval was for the Physical Education Methodology chair and not for the History and Organization of Physical Education and Sports chair. It is only in 1956, with the death of Prof. professor Aloísio Aciolly (with whom Inezil came to write the book History and Organization of Physical Education and Sports), that his transition to the chair of History becomes possible. As he was already a professor, all he had to do was ask for a transfer. However, as he judged it fairer, he preferred to hold the contest. Upon being approved and later assuming the chair of History, he gave up the chair of Methodology, a rare attitude since it was a lifetime position. While he remained at ENEFD, he only shared his History classes with the duties of an education technician at DEF.

Inezil's attention to issues related to Recreation and games was directly linked to her concept of Physical Education, which influenced students like Alfredo Colombo. Since the 1940s, he had been criticizing the adoption of the French Method and suggesting the need to develop a Brazilian Method based on an expanded Physical Education concept. According to Inezil, the anatomical-physiological concept of Physical Education should be replaced by a bio-psycho-socio-philosophical concept, where pleasure, integral development and the educational aspect would always be highlighted.

In this direction, Inezil was a precursor of the discussion about the action of doctors as standardizers of physical activities and even their influence within the Physical Education Schools of the time, whose positive aspect is the current conformation of the curricula. However, the greatest scientific foundation of physicians was notable and was hardly questioned by Physical Education Teachers. When describing Penna Marinho's participation in the matter, Andrade de Mello reports his polemic with João o Peregrino Júnior. In short, did the big debate take place? on the occasion of the discussions about the homogeneous groups 8 in the Physical Education classes. Peregrino Júnior, one of the most respected professors at ENEFD, believed that the classification of classes should be of a morphophysiological nature, while Inezil believed that it should have a pedagogical character, of a bio-socio-philosophical nature. I think that Peregrino Júnior did not expect such a categorical reaction as that of Inezil, who used all her erudition to argue that the doctor's proposal was outdated and only applicable in laboratories, comments Andrade.

As general director of the Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Desportos (RBEF), he began to open up more and more spaces for articles by teachers from other Latin American countries. The RBEF was going through difficulties and, before it closed, Inezil decided to support it. At first he used all his savings, and gradually the number of subscribers increased. Inezil took over the magazine with 146 subscribers and soon it had more than 1,000, of which 300 were abroad.

Inezil Penna Marinho's contribution also includes reflections on children with disabilities, participation in conferences abroad, acting as President of the Brazilian Confederation of University Sports, participation in the Association of Physical Education Teachers and contributions to sports training. After 1958, he moved to Brasília and devoted himself more to law, an activity that absorbed him in the last 29 years of his life. In recognition of his work and the work done by the city, the Government of the Federal District awarded him, on April 21, 1987, one month after his death, the Medal of Merit Alvorada.

Marinho's greater dedication to the law did not distance him from the essential issues of Physical Education. He was the founder and first President of APEF-RJ, in the 1940s, and one of the initiators of the professional association movement. He was the main leader in the historical process of the movement for the regulation of the profession, which had a Bill in this sense approved by the National Congress, but vetoed by the President of the Republic, in 1985. Works published by Inezil supported a differentiated condition for Physical Education Brazilian society, in addition to the Degree itself, establishing the foundations of the profession. These contributions are undoubtedly closely linked to the movement that followed and which, in a second phase, in 1998, culminated in the victory of professional regulation and the creation of CONFEF itself.

Source: https://www.confef.org.br/confef/comunicacao/revistaedf/3499