Capoeira timeline (chronology) by SERGIO LUIZ DE SOUZA VIEIRA.
Translated from Portuguese automatically, thank you for your understanding.
1577: First record of the word “capoeira” in the Portuguese language: Father Fernão Cardim (SJ), in the work “Do Clima e da Terra do Brasil”. Connotation: secondary vegetation, abandoned farm.
1640: Start of Dutch invasions. Social disorganization on the Brazilian coast. Evasion of African slaves to the interior of Brazil. Afro-indigenous acculturation. Organization of dozens of quilombos. The expressions appear: “negros das capoeiras”, “negros capoeiras” and “capoeiras”.
1770: The oldest reference to Capoeira as a form of struggle appears this year, linking it to the time of the Viceroy Marquês do Lavradio in Rio de Janeiro, when there was already the sense of “rebellious” to its practitioners (Edmundo, 1938).
1821: Government decision of November 5, determining measures that should be taken against capoeira blacks in the city of Rio de Janeiro.
1831: Decision of July 27 in RJ: orders the police board to propose measures for the capture and punishment of capoeiras and criminals.
1832: Posture of November 17 in RJ, prohibiting the “Jogo da Capoeira”.
1888: Golden Law. Abolition of slavery on May 13th.
1888: The first book about Capoeira appears: the novel “Os Capoeiras”, by Plácido de Abreu, in which the first movement nomenclature appears.
1889: Proclamation of the Republic. Deportation of capoeiras considered criminals to the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. The proposal for the National Gymnastics was born from the reuse of Capoeira movements. This sport form was released by the police.
1890: Decree 847: Introduction of Capoeira in the Penal Code of the Republic, in Chapter XIII “Dos Vadios e Capoeiras” in its articles 402, 403 and 404. Continuity of the process of arrest and deportation of criminal capoeiristas to the Prison of Fernando de Noronha and for the Correctional Colony of Dois Rios in Ilha Grande - RJ.
1904: Edition of the apocryphal booklet “Guia do Capoeira ou Gymnástica Brasileira”. In it, the authorship is done by the initials "O.D.C." meaning at the time: I offer, dedicate and consecrate.
1928: The first Capoeira Sport Code appears in Rio de Janeiro under the name of “National Gymnastics (Capoeiragem)
Methodized and Ruled”. This work, by Annibal Burlamaqui (Zuma), brought an illustrated nomenclature of strikes and counterattacks, competition area, competition rules, referee training criteria, historical foundations, uniforms, etc.
1936: On March 13, Jornal a Gazeta da Bahia brought a statement by Manoel dos Reis Machado (Mestre Bimba) stating that “the police will regulate these capoeira exhibitions according to the work of Annibal Burlamaqui (Zuma) edited in 1928”.
1937: Mestre Bimba founds the Center for Physical Culture and Regional Struggle, through Permit No. 111, of the City of Salvador. Focusing his work in the sports field, he gains social acceptance, starting to teach to economic, political, military and university elites.
1940: Decree 2848. Established the new Brazilian Penal Code. In this act, Capoeira is not mentioned. From this date onwards, the use of the word “capoeira” has moved without police connotations.
1941: Decree 3199 which established the bases for the organization of sports in Brazil. With support in this act, the Brazilian Confederation of Pugilism - CBP was created, which at its foundation instituted the National Department of Brazilian Fight, which was the embryo of the Brazilian Confederation of Capoeira. This was the sport's first official sporting recognition.
1945: Inezil Penna Marinho publishes the book “Subsidies for the Study of Capoeiragem Training Methodology”. This work was also explicitly inspired by Annibal Burlamaqui. 1950s In 1952, the Foundation of the Centro Esportivo Capoeira Angola was created in Salvador, headed by Mestre Vicente Ferreira Pastinha. Its focus is eminently sports and Capoeira culture. The following year, the National Sports Council issued Resolution 071, establishing criteria for the sport of Capoeira, this being the second official recognition. Throughout this decade, Sinhozinho became famous in the most affluent area of Rio de Janeiro, adopting an eclectic and utilitarian Capoeira.
1961: Publication of the book “Capoeiragem – The Art of Brazilian Personal Defense”, by Lamartine Da Costa, which introduced the theme in the Brazilian university environment in the form of research on fight-dance in its movements and beyond traditions.
1966: Participation of representatives of the so-called Capoeira Angola, under the leadership of Mestre Pastinha, in the First Festival of Black Arts in Dakar. The Brazilian delegation returns from Senegal stating that Capoeira did not exist in Africa. They then started to claim a national position, stating that “Capoeira Angola” is the true “Luta Brasileira”, since Mestre Bimba had registered it under the name “Luta Regional”.
1968: First academic event on Capoeira at a Brazilian university, directed by Alberto Latorre Faria at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, with speakers Lamartine Da Costa and André Lace Lopes (practitioners and researchers); João Lira Filho (sociologist) and Waldemar Areno ( doctor); and Luis Peixoto (box and capoeira teacher at UFRJ).
1967-1969: The Brazilian Air Force-FAB organized the First and Second National Capoeira Congress. In these two events, FAB planes brought masters from all over Brazil with the aim of giving an effective national organization to the practice of fighting.
1970s: The foundation of the State Federations of Capoeira, under the jurisdiction of the CBP, began. And in this same decade the expansion of Capoeira throughout the country begins, which before was limited to a few initiatives and locations. At this stage, various supports for the development of Capoeira begin to converge and consolidate, such as the institutionalization of the struggle (books and publications, management by federations, etc); multiplication of masters (immigration between regions of Brazil and abroad, festivals of renowned groups etc); improving knowledge (research, teaching at universities, etc.); and public recognition of its cultural and sporting value.
1981: Inezil Penna Marinho presents the Technical-Scientific Project of Brazilian Gymnastics, inspired by Capoeira, at the World Congress of the International Association of Higher Schools of Physical Education, held in RJ (Universidade Gama Filho).
1992: Foundation of the Brazilian Confederation of Capoeira through the dismemberment of CBP's National Capoeira Department. 1993 First National Technical Congress of Capoeira, in the city of Guarulhos-SP. Objective: standardization of technical, cultural and sporting procedures.
1995: Recognition of Capoeira and linking the Brazilian Confederation of Capoeira to the Brazilian Olympic Committee.
1997: Approval of the Superior Court of Sports Justice of Capoeira by the Brazilian Bar Association. Organization of the Second National Technical Congress of Capoeira.
1999: Organization of the Third National Technical Congress and First International Technical Congress of Capoeira, in the city of São Paulo. Enhancement of technical standards and dissemination abroad. Foundation of the International Federation of Capoeira, in São Paulo. Foundation of the Brazilian Association of Capoeira Referees, in São Paulo.
2002: Introduction of Capoeira as an official modality in Regional and Open Games in the interior of the States of São Paulo and Goiás. Organization of the Fourth National Technical Congress and Second International Technical Congress, held in November, in the city of Vitória – ES. Establishment of the International Capoeira Regulation and the knowledge, skills and abilities for coaches, coaches and students.